Great game! Ok, from left to right.

1. powder glass, yes......sandcast is really a misnomer since these are cast in clay molds and not the sand. BUT their rough texture does somewhat remind (sometimes) one of a sand cast candle.

2. it looks trailed to me and I don't think there is a generic term for this design. "Eye" might be appropriate.

3. yes, and they are sometimes referred to as "Zen". However, when I think of "Zen" beads I think of spherical black beads (although sometimes red, yellow and other colors) with white trailing in the pattern of a 6 or a 9 or if you prefer...infinity.

4. yes

5. looks interesting. would like to see a better outdoor shot of this one please.